The Java programming language is an object-oriented programming language created by Sun Microsystems.

JAVA is object oriented because Java programming is centered on creating objects, manipulating objects, and making objects work together. An object can be perceived as a real life object or business object. Example: real life object like chair, table, person while business objects like bank account, mortgage, invoice etc..Object-oriented programming provides greater flexibility, modularity and reusability.

An object has properties and behaviors. Properties are described by using data, and behaviors are described by using methods. Objects are defined by using classes in Java. A class is like a template for the objects.

Benefits of using JAVA programming

• Security Features: Both the language and the platform were designed from the ground up with security in mind.
• Portability: One of the most compelling reasons to move to Java is its platform independence.
• Distributed: Java is designed to make distributed computing easy with the networking capability that is inherently integrated into it.
• Multi Threaded: Multithreaded is the capability for a program to perform several tasks simultaneously within a program.
• Reliable and Robust: Java puts a lot of emphasis on early checking for possible errors, as Java compilers are able to detect many problems that would first show up during execution time in other languages.
• Dynamic and Extensible: Java code is organized in modular object-oriented units called classes. Classes are stored in separate files and are loaded into the Java interpreter only when needed. This means that an application can decide as it is running what classes it needs and can load them when it needs them. It also means that a program can dynamically extend itself by loading the classes it needs to expand its functionality.
• Network Centric Programming: Java makes it unbelievably easy to work with resources across a network and to create network-based applications using client/server or multitier architectures.
• Internationalization: Java is the only commonly used programming language that has internationalization features at its very core

Architecture & Design

For architecture and application design of JAVA software applications various design patterns are incorporated depending on the software application and business needs. Generally, to build a system, you may need many patterns to fit together. Different designer may use different patterns to solve the same problem. Design patterns or not methods or framework, they give show you a way to solve a problem effectively.

Some of the J2EE design patterns which FDSC has used on the projects include MVC, Business Delegate, Data Access Object, Front Controller, Service Locator.

Choosing a design pattern depends on the business and software application needs in addition to the following considerations:

• Some patterns naturally fit together
• One pattern may lead to another
• Some patterns are similar and alternative

Frameworks

A framework can be defined as a skeletal support structure made up of software components which can be extended and is used to organize and develop another software application. The efficiency of the application depends on the framework choosen.

Some JAVA programming frameworks which we have worked with include Struts, Google Web Toolkit, Spring

Some popular AJAX libraries which we have used on our projects include Yahoo User Interface Library (YUI), GWT